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In this tutorial session we will create simple application to load the drop down list options dynamically from the server side. Also we will use only struts 2 UI tag, not ajax or jquery. In our previous example we used … Continue reading ]]>
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In our previous example we used ajax call to load the drop down options from server side via jquery. Here not.
We assume that we already have a very basic knowledge over struts2 setup. If not please refer our Hello World application. To achieve our goal first create a simple jsp file as below.
home.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<script src="js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () {
//We commented this code because we are directly loading the drop down options via struts UI tag
/*$('#state').html('');
$.getJSON("readStates", function(res) {
for ( var i = 0; i < res.states.length; i++) {
$('#state').append(
'<option value='+res.states[i]+'>' + res.states[i]
+ '</option>');
}
});*/
$("#state").change(
function () {
$('#district').html('');
var state = {
"state": $("#state").val()
};
$.ajax({
url: "readDistricts",
data: JSON.stringify(state),
dataType: 'json',
contentType: 'application/json',
type: 'POST',
async: true,
success: function (res) {
console.log(res.districts.length);
for (var i = 0; i < res.districts.length; i++) {
console.log(" " + res.districts[i]);
$('#district').append(
'<option value=' + res.districts[i] + '>' + res.districts[i] + '</option>');
}
}
});
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Struts 2 Dynamic Drop down List</h3>
<s:select label="What's your State" headerKey="-1" headerValue="Select State" list="states" name="state" value="defaultState" />
District :<select id="district"></select>
</body>
</html>
Then in web.xml divert all requests to struts2 framework as usual. See the web.xml below.
Also please note that we never mentioned the welcome file list in our web.xml. (i.e) Home page. We will handle that in our struts.xml.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>DynamicData</display-name> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
See our struts.xml below.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="json-default">
<interceptors>
<interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
<interceptor-ref name="json">
<param name="enableSMD">true</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />
<action name="readDistricts" class="com.rajesh.struts2.ReadData" method="dbDistricts">
<result type="json"></result>
</action>
<action name="" class="com.rajesh.struts2.ReadData" method="dbStates">
<result name="success">home.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
What is the change we made in our struts.xml. We mapped a empty action to a class and if the result is success then we are rendering the page home.jsp to the browser. Why instead of mentioning the home page in web.xml we mentioned in struts.xml? There is a reason behind that. We will discuss it later.
Now see the corresponding action class ReadData.java below.
ReadData.java
package com.rajesh.struts2;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class ReadData extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8819352697303500472L;
private String state;
private ArrayList < String > districts;
private ArrayList < String > states;
public ReadData() {
System.out.println("Inside Constructor ");
states = new ArrayList < String > ();
states.add("tamilnadu");
states.add("kerala");
states.add("karnataka");
states.add("delhi");
}
public String getDefaultState() {
System.out.println("Inside default State Getter");
return "Select State";
}
public ArrayList < String > getDistricts() {
return districts;
}
public ArrayList < String > getStates() {
return states;
}
public void setState(String state) {
System.out.println("Inside Setter " + state);
this.state = state;
}
public String dbDistricts() {
System.out.println("Getting Districts for " + state);
// Do the database code or business logic here.
districts = new ArrayList < String > ();
if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("tamilnadu")) {
districts.add("chennai");
districts.add("madurai");
districts.add("trichy");
districts.add("Covai");
districts.add("Pudukkottai");
} else if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("kerala")) {
districts.add("allappey");
districts.add("trivandrum");
districts.add("kozhikkode");
} else if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("karnataka")) {
districts.add("bangalore");
districts.add("Bommanahalli");
districts.add("Mysore");
} else if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("-1")) {} else {
districts.add("District 1");
districts.add("District 2");
districts.add("District 3");
districts.add("District 4");
districts.add("District 5");
}
return SUCCESS;
}
public String dbStates() {
// Do the database code or business logic here.
System.out.println("Inside dbStates method");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
That’s all the setup. But we need to know why we rendered the home page via struts.xml? Also the empty action pointed to the method dbStates() is not doing anything. It simply returns a “success” string. Then why?
The answer is here. In our home page home.jsp we used struts2 tag for the drop down list. See the code
<s:select label="What's your State" headerKey="-1" headerValue="Select State" list="states" name="state" value="defaultState" />
So if we render the page directly from web.xml it don’t have any values for the drop down list options. We need to run some code before rendering the page. Right? That’s why we diverted the empty action to ReadData.java . See the constructor of the ReadData.java .
public ReadData() {
System.out.println("Inside Constructor ");
states = new ArrayList < String > ();
states.add("tamilnadu");
states.add("kerala");
states.add("karnataka");
states.add("delhi");
}
So when we point to this class it will automatically creates an arraylist and fills it with the required value. So after this constructor executed the control will go to the dbStates() method. There we simply returns a “success” string. So the control will come back to struts.xml. There we mentioned <result name=”success”>home.jsp</result> . So it will render the page home.jsp to the browser.
But the difference is while render the page home.jsp. When it comes to the Struts UI tag
<s:select label="What's your State" headerKey="-1" headerValue="Select State" list="states" name="state" value="defaultState" />
it will look for method getStat() in the action class. Because we mentioned the name as state. So as per struts 2 design pattern it will try to run a method by name getStat() .
As we have that method in our action class it will get executed. Then with the return value as arraylist it will be filled inside the drop down list by the framework and rendered to the browser .
Simply run the code as below http://localhost:8080/DynamicData/ and see the result in action.
For the above example I have created a complete .war file with source code. Download and just place under Apache web apps folder and run.
If you face any issues while execution please post in comments or send me email to rajeshmepco@gmail.com
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In this tutorial session we will create simple application to load the drop down list options dynamically from the server side. Also we will load one drop down list based on the selection of another drop down list. We use AJAX, JQuery, … Continue reading ]]>
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We use AJAX, JQuery, Struts2 and json methodologies to achieve this. Also we assume the basic setup for struts2 is already ready. (i.e) All necessary jar files placed in right place. If you want more info please refer the Struts 2 Hello World application.
Create a simple html file with the below content.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<script src="js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () {
$('#state').html('');
$.getJSON("readStates", function (res) {
for (var i = 0; i < res.states.length; i++) {
$('#state').append(
'<option value=' + res.states[i] + '>' + res.states[i] + '</option>');
}
});
$("#state").change(
function () {
$('#district').html('');
var state = {
"state": $("#state").val()
};
$.ajax({
url: "readDistricts",
data: JSON.stringify(state),
dataType: 'json',
contentType: 'application/json',
type: 'POST',
async: true,
success: function (res) {
console.log(res.districts.length);
for (var i = 0; i < res.districts.length; i++) {
console.log(" " + res.districts[i]);
$('#district').append(
'<option value=' + res.districts[i] + '>' + res.districts[i] + '</option>');
}
}
});
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Struts 2 Dynamic Drop down List</h3>
State :
<select id="state"></select>District :
<select id="district"></select>
</body>
</html>
Create struts.xml file with the below content and place it under class folder root path.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="json-default">
<interceptors>
<interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
<interceptor-ref name="json">
<param name="enableSMD">true</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />
<action name="readDistricts" class="com.rajesh.struts2.ReadData" method="dbDistricts">
<result type="json"></result>
</action>
<action name="readStates" class="com.rajesh.struts2.ReadData" method="dbStates">
<result type="json"></result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
As we are sending and receiving the data as json object we need to enable the json option in the struts.xml file. So implement a custom interceptor and json result type as above. (To do this struts2-json-plugin.jar is required)
See our web.xml file below.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>HelloStruts</display-name> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>/index.html</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
Also create the java class ReadData which contains the business logic with the below code and place under com.rajesh.struts2 package in the class folder.
package com.rajesh.struts2;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class ReadData extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8819352697303500472L;
private String state, district;
private String states[], districts[];
public String[] getDistricts() {
return districts;
}
public void setDistricts(String[] districts) {
this.districts = districts;
}
public String[] getStates() {
return states;
}
public void setStates(String[] states) {
this.states = states;
}
public String getState() {
return state;
}
public void setState(String state) {
System.out.println("Inside Setter " + state);
this.state = state;
}
public String getDistrict() {
return district;
}
public void setDistrict(String district) {
this.district = district;
}
public String dbDistricts() {
System.out.println("Getting Districts for " + state);
//Do the database code or business logic here.
districts = new String[5];
if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("tamilnadu")) {
districts[0] = "chennai";
districts[1] = "madurai";
districts[2] = "trichy";
districts[3] = "Covai";
districts[4] = "Pudukkottai";
} else if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("kerala")) {
districts[0] = "allappey";
districts[1] = "trivandrum";
districts[2] = "kozhikkode";
districts[3] = "District 4";
districts[4] = "District 5";
} else if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("karnataka")) {
districts[0] = "bangalore";
districts[1] = "Bommanahalli";
districts[2] = "Mysore";
districts[3] = "District 4";
districts[4] = "District 5";
} else {
districts[0] = "District 1";
districts[1] = "District 2";
districts[2] = "District 3";
districts[3] = "District 4";
districts[4] = "District 5";
}
return SUCCESS;
}
public String dbStates() {
//Do the database code or business logic here.
states = new String[5];
states[0] = "tamilnadu";
states[1] = "kerala";
states[2] = "karnataka";
states[3] = "delhi";
states[4] = "kashmir";
return SUCCESS;
}
}
See the complete structure of the folder below.
That’s all. Simply run the program as below and see the result in action.
http://localhost:8080/DynamicData/
For the above example I have created a complete .war file with source code. Download and just place under Apache web apps folder and run.
If you face any issues while execution please post in comments or send me email to rajeshmepco@gmail.com
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To send data from client side to server side, one of the best way is send as JSON object. Please follow the steps below to achive this. To do this first we have to enable json compatibility in the struts2 … Continue reading ]]>
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Please follow the steps below to achive this.
To do this first we have to enable json compatibility in the struts2 framework. For this modify the struts.xml file as below.
<interceptors>
<interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
<interceptor-ref name="json">
<param name="enableSMD">true</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
In the above code we added the json interceptor to the defaultStack. If you have your own stack add the lines below to your stack.
<interceptor-ref name="json">
<param name="enableSMD">true</param>
</interceptor-ref>
Next extend the json package to the default package as below
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="json-default">
And the last change in the struts.xml file is set the return type as json for the request action.
<action name="writeJSON" class="com.rajesh.json.ReadJSON" method="writeJSON">
<result type="json" />
</action>
That’s all the change for struts2.xml
In our example we are going to send data from the client side to server side. So we will create a json data object with javascript as below.
var dataObj = {
"data": [{
"active": "true",
"color": "orange",
"date": "2008-01-01",
"id": "1",
"name": "Chris"
}, {
"active": "false",
"color": "blue",
"date": "2013-03-03",
"id": "2",
"name": "Kate"
}, {
"active": "true",
"color": "black",
"date": "2013-05-03",
"id": "3",
"name": "Blade"
}, {
"active": "false",
"color": "yellow",
"date": "2013-01-01",
"id": "4",
"name": "Zack"
}]
};
The JSON object syntax will be
{"varName":"value as String"}
In the above code, we created a variable dataObj which has only one variable data. But the variable “data” contains 4 objects. Each object has four variables namely “active”,”color”,”date”, “id” and “name”.
Now we will see how this is getting called in detail. First convert the created object into json object with the below code.
var data1 = JSON.stringify(dataObj);
This line of code will convert the object to json string. If you want to know the difference before and after in detail display it in the console and view in the browser console window like below.
console.log(dataObj); console.log(data1);
Then to send this data to the action write the javascript code below.
$.ajax({
url: "writeJSON.action",
data: data1,
dataType: 'json',
contentType: 'application/json',
type: 'POST',
async: true,
success: function (res) {
console.log(res.data.length);
for (var i = 0; i < res.data.length; i++) {
console.log(" " + res.data[i].name + "-" + res.data[i].id + "-" + res.data[i].active + "- " + res.data[i].date);
}
}
});
When we execute the above code, the struts framework will look the data object then it will find a variable with name “data”. So it will look for the method setData() method in the action class ReadJSON.java. If it is there it will run the code and try to parse the data.
See the action class ReadJSON.java below.
package com.rajesh.json;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import com.rajesh.json.Report;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class ReadJSON extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6765991741441442190L;
private List < Report > data;
public String writeJSON() {
try {
System.out.println(data.size());
for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Data " + data.get(i).getColor() + "-" + data.get(i).getDate() + "-" + data.get(i).getId() + "-" + data.get(i).getName());
}
System.out.println("Execute Method");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return SUCCESS;
}
public List < Report > getData() {
System.out.println("Getter Call");
return data;
}
public void setData(List < Report > data) {
System.out.println("Setter Call Flow");
this.data = data;
}
}
In the above code we have setData method. So it will try to put our JSON object as parameter for that method. But the variable “data” has array of objects as value. So we will create a java class with name Report and it will have “active”,”color”,”date”, “id” and “name” as it’s members. See below.
package com.rajesh.json;
public class Report {
private int id;
private String name;
private boolean active;
private String date;
private String color;
public Report() {
System.out.println("Inside Constructor with 0 arguments");
}
public Report(int id, String name, boolean active, String date, String color) {
this.active = active;
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.color = color;
this.date = date;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public boolean isActive() {
return active;
}
public void setActive(boolean active) {
this.active = active;
}
public String getDate() {
return date;
}
public void setDate(String date) {
this.date = date;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
}
In Report.java we added getter and setter methods for each of the variables why because the struts framework by default will look for set method for each variable. As we mentioned the parameter as List<Report> data in the setData() method it will create an object of Report, then it will try to call setMethod for each variable like setColor(), setDate(),etc.,
That’s all. Now we will initiate the action from the html file as below.
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Struts2 - JSON Example</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/base.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Struts2 json & jquery - Demo</h2> <a href="javascript:sendJSONData()">Write</a>
</body>
</html>
To check the output see the output in the Eclipse console. In our example we just displayed in the console. If you want to process just replace those portion as per the need.
Download the complete eclipse project below.
Just import in eclipse by “Existing Project into Workspace” and run.
If you have any queries just send a mail to rajeshmepco@gmail.com. We will solve the problem.
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To read java objects from action class as JSON object please follow the steps as below. To understand completely please read this article first. Modify the struts.xml as mentioned in the post. To read the json just add the return type as … Continue reading ]]>
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To understand completely please read this article first.
Modify the struts.xml as mentioned in the post.
To read the json just add the return type as JSON in the struts.xml action as below.
<action name="readJSON" class="com.rajesh.json.ReadJSON" method="readJSON">
<result type="json" />
</action>
When we put the above code, while calling the action from javascript it will call all the getter methods inside that class and bid as object then it will return to the call.
See the javascript code below.
function getJSONData() {
console.log("Read JSON Data");
$.getJSON("readJSON.action", function (res) {
console.log(res.data.length);
for (var i = 0; i < res.data.length; i++) {
console.log(" " + res.data[i].name + "-" + res.data[i].id + "-" + res.data[i].active + "-" + res.data[i].date);
}
});
console.log("Method Over");
}
When we execute the above code all the getters methods inside the action class will be invoked. (i.e) All the methods starting with word ‘get’ will be called. Apart from this the method that is mentioned in the struts.xml will also be called. In our example the method readJSON() will be called. No need to return any value. Just return the string “SUCCESS”. See the readJSON method in the below ReadJSON.java .
package com.rajesh.json;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import com.rajesh.json.Report;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class ReadJSON extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6765991741441442190L;
private List < Report > data;
public String readJSON() {
System.out.println("getJSON Method Call Before");
data = new ArrayList < Report > ();
Report obj = new Report();
obj.setActive(false);
obj.setColor("Green");
obj.setDate("05-Sep-2013");
obj.setId(1);
obj.setName("Rajesh");
this.data.add(obj);
System.out.println("getJSON Method Call");
System.out.println("Length of Data is " + data.size());
try {
for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Color is " + data.get(i).getColor());
System.out.println("Date is " + data.get(i).getDate());
System.out.println("ID is " + data.get(i).getId());
System.out.println("Names is " + data.get(i).getName());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return SUCCESS;
}
public String writeJSON() {
try {
System.out.println(data.size());
for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Data " + data.get(i).getColor() + "-" + data.get(i).getDate() + "-" + data.get(i).getId() + "-" + data.get(i).getName());
}
System.out.println("Execute Method");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return SUCCESS;
}
public List < Report > getData() {
System.out.println("Getter Call");
return data;
}
public void setData(List < Report > data) {
System.out.println("Setter Call Flow");
this.data = data;
}
}
In the above code inside readJSON() method we are creating an object for Report class and assigned it to the local variable data. So when we call this action, this will set the data object and return success. As we mentioned the result type as json the getData methos will be called and the data object will be returned.
As mentioned in the javascript code we can access the data objects by the name like below.
res.data[i].name; res.data[i].color; res.data[i].Date;
To check the output see the output in the browser console. In our example we just displayed in the console. If you want to process just replace those portion as per the need.
Download the complete eclipse project below.
Just import in eclipse by “Existing Project into Workspace” and run.
If you have any queries just send a mail to rajeshmepco@gmail.com. We will solve the problem.
]]>