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Rajesh | A Developer | Page 4

Struts2 Tutorial Part 3 – Actions 1

Posted on May 25, 2014 by Rajesh

In this tutorial session we will see the important key aspects of Struts2 Actions. If you want to get clear idea over struts 2 from the beginning please refer the below posts.

Struts2 Introduction
Struts2 HelloWorld Application

In nutshell, Struts2 actions are string returning java methods. Those methods are organized in a effective way for Struts2 Framework. See a sample action below.

public String welcome() {
    return "success";
}

The above method is a valid struts2 action. So in short, any java method returns a string can be a struts2 action.

Actions mainly do three thinks.

  1. Action Encapsulates the unit of work. (i.e) The real code logic for the application will be here.
  2. Action returns control string to decide the result page. (i.e) Based on the result string from the action only the framework will decide which page to load (will explain later)
  3. Action is the place where data transfer is happening. (will explain later)

So now we want to know how the framework executes the correct java method when request arrives. Here we take tomcat apache as our example server where our application is running. If suppose the user types the url http://localhost:8080/Struts2Action  in the browser it will come to the application server (i.e) here tomcat.  Then the application server look for the application Struts2Action in its webapps folder.

Once it identifies it will look for web.xml file inside the application WEB_INF folder.Once it finds the web.xml it will read and execute based on that file.

As I explained in the HelloWorld Application the web.xml will redirect all the requests it receives to struts filter (For Struts2 only; not all). Because we added a filter to all the requests. See a sample web.xml below.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <display-name>Struts2Action</display-name>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

So here we redirected all the requests to org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter filter class. So the control will go to the org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter class. That class takes struts.xml as it’s configuration. So it will look for struts.xml in the class folder path.

See a sample struts.xml file below.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="">
            <result>home.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="welcome" class="com.rajesh.struts2.Welcome" method="welcome">
            <result name="success">welcome.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
</struts>

Once the struts.xml is found based on that configuration the flow continuous. Clear? As per our example once the user entered the URL http://localhost:8080/Struts2Action  the control will open this struts.xml file and tries to find corresponding action. In our example we never mentioned any name after the application Context Struts2Action.

But in struts.xml we mentioned a action with empty name as below.

<action name="">
     <result>home.jsp</result>
</action>

So it will get match with our request http://localhost:8080/Struts2Action . If suppose we type the url http://localhost:8080/Struts2Action/welcome then the welcome action mentioned in the struts.xml will get executed. See that below.

<action name="welcome" class="com.rajesh.struts2.Welcome" method="welcome">
    <result name="success">welcome.jsp</result>
</action>

Now we will see how to declare an action in the struts.xml. The syntax to declare an action is

<action name={actionName} [class={className}]>
<result [name={resultValue1}]>{resultFileA}</result>
<result [name={resultValue2}]>{resultFileB}</result>
 ...
<result [name={resultValuen}]>{resultFileZ}</result>
</action>

where

actionName is

  • The name of the action
  • Refered by the url
  • Compulsary

className is

  • A Java Class to be executed while calling the respective action
  • Optional

resultName is

  • A string which comes as return type from the action method (ex “success”,”input”,”error”)
  • Optional
  • If not mentioned will take success by default

resultFile is

  • A File to render if resultName matches
  • Complulsory

With this we  finish this session for action. We will continue with a simple example in the net session.


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Posted in Struts2 | Tagged , | Leave a comment

Custom URL in Struts2 for each User

Posted on May 23, 2014 by Rajesh

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In this tutorial we will see how to assign custom URL for each user logged in Struts2. For example like ‘www.gmail.com/rajesh’  for user rajesh and ‘www.gmail.com/kumar’  for user kumar.

I assume that you already have a basic knowledge over struts 2 framework setup and simple Struts2 application. If you are not familiar please refer Struts2 Introduction and HelloWorld application.

To create custom URL for each user first we have to set the below constants in the struts.xml.

<constant name="struts.action.extension" value=",,action" />
<constant name="struts.mapper.alwaysSelectFullNamespace" value="false" />
<constant name="struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.patternMatcher" value="regex" />

The first constant struts.action.extension  is to disable the default .action extension from the URL pattern. The next two constants struts.mapper.alwaysSelectFullNamespace  and struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames for transfering the parameter from the URL. The last one struts.patternMatcher is to use regular expression in the action names (For example <action name=”Lost*do”>).

Next is we have to map the request to an action. To do this create an action like below in struts.xml.

<action name="{username}" class="com.rajesh.struts2.CustomURL" method="customUrl">
    <result name="success">welcome.jsp</result>
</action>

In the above code we mapped the string whichever comes next to the application context to the field username. For example if the request is http://localhost:8080/CustomURL/rajesh  the framework will assign the value ‘rajesh’ to username field and then will proceed like normal struts2 flow. But one important thing is it will not accept slash in that. For example if the request is http://localhost:8080/CustomURL/test/rajesh the framework will not call the above action. Because the request is for inside a package test. See the finalized code of struts.xml below.

struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
    <constant name="struts.action.extension" value=",,action" />
    <constant name="struts.mapper.alwaysSelectFullNamespace" value="false" />
    <constant name="struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames" value="true" />
    <constant name="struts.patternMatcher" value="regex" />

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

        <action name="">
            <result name="success">home.jsp</result>
        </action>

        <action name="{username}" class="com.rajesh.struts2.CustomURL" method="customUrl">
            <result name="success">welcome.jsp</result>
        </action>

    </package>
</struts>

In the above code we added one more action with empty name “”. It is for the index page. So when we type simply the url http://localhost:8080/CustomURL the home.jsp will be displayed. See our home.jsp below.See our welcome.jsp below.

welcome.jsp

<html>

<head>
    <title>Struts 2 Custom URL</title>
    <script src="jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        function myFunction() {
            window.location.href = $("#username").val();
        }
    </script>
</head>

<body>
    <h1>Struts 2 Custom URL</h1>
    <h3>Enter User Name</h3>
    <input type="text" id="username" />
    <input type="submit" value="Login" onclick="myFunction()" />
</body>

</html>

See our action class CustomURL.java below

CustomURL.java

package com.rajesh.struts2;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class CustomURL extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4337790298641431230L;

    private String username;

    public String getUsername() {
        System.out.println("Inside Getter");
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        System.out.println("Inside Setter " + username);
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String customUrl() {
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}

That’s all. Simply place all the above codes in respective files and run.

custom_url_demo_1
custom_url_demo_2
For the above example I have created a complete .war file with source code. Download and just place under Apache web apps folder and run.

Icon

Custom URL Example

1 file(s) 3.83 MB

Click Here to download

If you face any issues while execution please post in comments or send email to rajeshmepco@gmail.com


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Posted in Struts2 | Tagged | 1 Comment

Apache HTTP Server – An Introduction

Posted on May 23, 2014 by Raja

Apache is the world’s most popular Web server/HTTP server. We will see the overview of apache HTTP server here.

How to start / stop / restart apache ?

./httpd -f configfilepath -k (start|stop|restart)

How to run syntax test for configuration file ?

./httpd -f configfilepath -t

Configuration

Modules

  • Apache is a modular server, only the most basic functionality is included in the core server.
  • Extended features can be loaded into Apache using LoadModule directive ( Only if the server is compiled to use dynamically loaded modules).

Directives

  • Apache directives are a set of rules which define how your server should run.
  • We can change them by editing the httpd.conf and related files to meet your requirements.

Scope of Directives


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Posted in Apache | Tagged , | Leave a comment

Dynamic Drop Down List with Struts2 UI tag without AJAX, jQuery

Posted on May 17, 2014 by Rajesh

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In this tutorial session we will create simple application to load the drop down list options dynamically from the server side. Also we will use only struts 2 UI tag, not ajax or jquery.

In our previous example we used ajax call to load the drop down options from server side via jquery. Here not.

We assume that we already have a very basic knowledge over struts2 setup. If not please refer our Hello World application. To achieve our goal first create a simple jsp file as below.

home.jsp

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
    <html>

    <head>
        <script src="js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
        <script>
            $(function () {

                //We commented this code because we are directly loading the drop down options via struts UI tag
                /*$('#state').html('');
		$.getJSON("readStates", function(res) {
			for ( var i = 0; i < res.states.length; i++) {
				$('#state').append(
						'<option value='+res.states[i]+'>' + res.states[i]
								+ '</option>');
			}
		});*/

                $("#state").change(
                    function () {
                        $('#district').html('');
                        var state = {
                            "state": $("#state").val()
                        };
                        $.ajax({
                            url: "readDistricts",
                            data: JSON.stringify(state),
                            dataType: 'json',
                            contentType: 'application/json',
                            type: 'POST',
                            async: true,
                            success: function (res) {
                                console.log(res.districts.length);
                                for (var i = 0; i < res.districts.length; i++) {
                                    console.log(" " + res.districts[i]);
                                    $('#district').append(
                                        '<option value=' + res.districts[i] + '>' + res.districts[i] + '</option>');
                                }
                            }
                        });
                    });
            });
        </script>
    </head>

    <body>
        <h3>Struts 2 Dynamic Drop down List</h3>
        <s:select label="What's your State" headerKey="-1" headerValue="Select State" list="states" name="state" value="defaultState" />
District :<select id="district"></select>
    </body>

    </html>

Then in web.xml divert all requests to struts2 framework as usual. See the web.xml below.

Also please note that we never mentioned the welcome file list in our web.xml. (i.e) Home page. We will handle that in our struts.xml.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
	<display-name>DynamicData</display-name>

	<filter>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>

	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

</web-app>

See our struts.xml below.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="json-default">
        <interceptors>
            <interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
                <interceptor-ref name="json">
                    <param name="enableSMD">true</param>
                </interceptor-ref>
            </interceptor-stack>
        </interceptors>
        <default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />

        <action name="readDistricts" class="com.rajesh.struts2.ReadData" method="dbDistricts">
            <result type="json"></result>
        </action>

        <action name="" class="com.rajesh.struts2.ReadData" method="dbStates">
            <result name="success">home.jsp</result>
        </action>

    </package>
</struts>

What is the change we made in our struts.xml. We mapped a empty action to a class and if the result is success then we are rendering the page home.jsp to the browser. Why instead of mentioning the home page in web.xml we mentioned in struts.xml? There is a reason behind that. We will discuss it later.

Now see the corresponding action class ReadData.java below.

ReadData.java

package com.rajesh.struts2;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class ReadData extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8819352697303500472L;
    private String state;
    private ArrayList < String > districts;
    private ArrayList < String > states;

    public ReadData() {
        System.out.println("Inside Constructor ");
        states = new ArrayList < String > ();
        states.add("tamilnadu");
        states.add("kerala");
        states.add("karnataka");
        states.add("delhi");
    }

    public String getDefaultState() {
        System.out.println("Inside default State Getter");
        return "Select State";
    }

    public ArrayList < String > getDistricts() {
        return districts;
    }

    public ArrayList < String > getStates() {
        return states;
    }

    public void setState(String state) {
        System.out.println("Inside Setter " + state);
        this.state = state;
    }

    public String dbDistricts() {
        System.out.println("Getting Districts for " + state);
        // Do the database code or business logic here.
        districts = new ArrayList < String > ();
        if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("tamilnadu")) {
            districts.add("chennai");
            districts.add("madurai");
            districts.add("trichy");
            districts.add("Covai");
            districts.add("Pudukkottai");
        } else if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("kerala")) {
            districts.add("allappey");
            districts.add("trivandrum");
            districts.add("kozhikkode");
        } else if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("karnataka")) {
            districts.add("bangalore");
            districts.add("Bommanahalli");
            districts.add("Mysore");
        } else if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("-1")) {} else {
            districts.add("District 1");
            districts.add("District 2");
            districts.add("District 3");
            districts.add("District 4");
            districts.add("District 5");
        }
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    public String dbStates() {
        // Do the database code or business logic here.
        System.out.println("Inside dbStates method");
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}

That’s all the setup. But we need to know why we rendered the home page via struts.xml? Also the empty action pointed to the method dbStates() is not doing anything. It simply returns a “success”  string. Then why?

The answer is here. In our home page home.jsp we used struts2 tag for the drop down list. See the code

<s:select label="What's your State" headerKey="-1" 
headerValue="Select State" list="states" name="state" value="defaultState" />

So if we render the page directly from web.xml it don’t have any values for the drop down list options. We need to run some code before rendering the page. Right? That’s why we diverted the empty action to ReadData.java . See the constructor of the ReadData.java .

public ReadData() {
    System.out.println("Inside Constructor ");
    states = new ArrayList < String > ();
    states.add("tamilnadu");
    states.add("kerala");
    states.add("karnataka");
    states.add("delhi");
}

So when we point to this class it will automatically creates an arraylist and fills it with the required value. So after this constructor executed the control will go to the dbStates() method. There we simply returns a “success” string. So the control will come back to struts.xml. There we mentioned <result name=”success”>home.jsp</result> . So it will render the page home.jsp to the browser.

But the difference is while render the page home.jsp. When it comes to the Struts UI tag

<s:select label="What's your State" headerKey="-1" 
headerValue="Select State" list="states" name="state" value="defaultState" />

it will look for method getStat() in the action class. Because we mentioned the name as state. So as per struts 2 design pattern it will try to run a method by name getStat() .

As we have that method in our action class it will get executed. Then with the return value as arraylist it will be filled inside the drop down list by the framework and rendered to the browser .

Simply run the code as below http://localhost:8080/DynamicData/ and see the result in action.
struts2UI_dropdown

For the above example I have created a complete .war file with source code. Download and just place under Apache web apps folder and run.

Icon

Dynamic Dropdown List

1 file(s) 3.83 MB

Click Here to download

If you face any issues while execution please post in comments or send me email to rajeshmepco@gmail.com


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Posted in Struts2 | Tagged , , , , | 3 Comments

Dynamic Drop Down List with Struts 2 and AJAX

Posted on May 16, 2014 by Rajesh

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In this tutorial session we will create simple application to load the drop down list options dynamically from the server side. Also we will load one drop down list based on the selection of another drop down list.

We use AJAX, JQuery, Struts2 and json methodologies to achieve this. Also we assume the basic setup for struts2 is already ready. (i.e) All necessary jar files placed in right place. If you want more info please refer the Struts 2 Hello World application.

Create a simple html file with the below content.

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>

<head>
    <script src="js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        $(function () {
            $('#state').html('');
            $.getJSON("readStates", function (res) {
                for (var i = 0; i < res.states.length; i++) {
                    $('#state').append(
                        '<option value=' + res.states[i] + '>' + res.states[i] + '</option>');
                }
            });

            $("#state").change(
                function () {
                    $('#district').html('');
                    var state = {
                        "state": $("#state").val()
                    };
                    $.ajax({
                        url: "readDistricts",
                        data: JSON.stringify(state),
                        dataType: 'json',
                        contentType: 'application/json',
                        type: 'POST',
                        async: true,
                        success: function (res) {
                            console.log(res.districts.length);
                            for (var i = 0; i < res.districts.length; i++) {
                                console.log(" " + res.districts[i]);
                                $('#district').append(
                                    '<option value=' + res.districts[i] + '>' + res.districts[i] + '</option>');
                            }
                        }
                    });
                });
        });
    </script>
</head>

<body>
    <h3>Struts 2 Dynamic Drop down List</h3>
    State :
    <select id="state"></select>District :
    <select id="district"></select>
</body>

</html>

Create struts.xml file with the below content and place it under class folder root path.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="json-default">
        <interceptors>
            <interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
                <interceptor-ref name="json">
                    <param name="enableSMD">true</param>
                </interceptor-ref>
            </interceptor-stack>
        </interceptors>
        <default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />

        <action name="readDistricts" class="com.rajesh.struts2.ReadData" method="dbDistricts">
            <result type="json"></result>
        </action>

        <action name="readStates" class="com.rajesh.struts2.ReadData" method="dbStates">
            <result type="json"></result>
        </action>

    </package>
</struts>

As we are sending and receiving the data as json object we need to enable the json option in the struts.xml file. So implement a custom interceptor and json result type as above. (To do this struts2-json-plugin.jar is required)

See our web.xml file below.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
	<display-name>HelloStruts</display-name>

	<filter>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>

	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>/index.html</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

Also create the java class ReadData which contains the business logic with the below code and place under com.rajesh.struts2 package in the class folder.

package com.rajesh.struts2;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class ReadData extends ActionSupport {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8819352697303500472L;

    private String state, district;
    private String states[], districts[];

    public String[] getDistricts() {
        return districts;
    }

    public void setDistricts(String[] districts) {
        this.districts = districts;
    }

    public String[] getStates() {
        return states;
    }

    public void setStates(String[] states) {
        this.states = states;
    }

    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }

    public void setState(String state) {
        System.out.println("Inside Setter " + state);
        this.state = state;
    }

    public String getDistrict() {
        return district;
    }

    public void setDistrict(String district) {
        this.district = district;
    }

    public String dbDistricts() {
        System.out.println("Getting Districts for " + state);
        //Do the database code or business logic here.
        districts = new String[5];
        if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("tamilnadu")) {
            districts[0] = "chennai";
            districts[1] = "madurai";
            districts[2] = "trichy";
            districts[3] = "Covai";
            districts[4] = "Pudukkottai";
        } else if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("kerala")) {
            districts[0] = "allappey";
            districts[1] = "trivandrum";
            districts[2] = "kozhikkode";
            districts[3] = "District 4";
            districts[4] = "District 5";
        } else if (state.equalsIgnoreCase("karnataka")) {
            districts[0] = "bangalore";
            districts[1] = "Bommanahalli";
            districts[2] = "Mysore";
            districts[3] = "District 4";
            districts[4] = "District 5";
        } else {
            districts[0] = "District 1";
            districts[1] = "District 2";
            districts[2] = "District 3";
            districts[3] = "District 4";
            districts[4] = "District 5";
        }
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    public String dbStates() {
        //Do the database code or business logic here.
        states = new String[5];
        states[0] = "tamilnadu";
        states[1] = "kerala";
        states[2] = "karnataka";
        states[3] = "delhi";
        states[4] = "kashmir";
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}

See the complete structure of the folder below.

dynamic_dd_structure

That’s all. Simply run the program as below and see the result in action.

http://localhost:8080/DynamicData/

dynamic_dd

For the above example I have created a complete .war file with source code. Download and just place under Apache web apps folder and run.

Icon

Dynamic Dropdown List

1 file(s) 3.83 MB

Click Here to download

If you face any issues while execution please post in comments or send me email to rajeshmepco@gmail.com


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Posted in Struts2 | Tagged , , , | 5 Comments

Struts2 Tutorial Part 2 – HelloWorld application

Posted on May 15, 2014 by Rajesh

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In this tutorial session we will create simple helloStruts application. To create a simple struts2 application follow the steps below.

I assume we already have a basic knowledge over jsp/servlet workflow.

As per jsp/servlet whenever we create new jsp/servlet application, the control will look for web.xml inside the application context WebContent/WEB-INF folder. Application Context is nothing but the application name referred by the servlet container (ex. Apache tomcat). See the sample web.xml below.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <display-name>helloStruts</display-name>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>/index.html</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

So the first step we need to do is to divert all requests from web.xml to our struts2 config file. The config file for struts 2  is struts.xml which is fixed. (i.e) We cannot rename the file.

How can we divert the request?

We knew that in web.xml we can add filters to url patterns to do pre/post processing. Here we will use that approach to divert the requests. (i.e) We add a filter to all the url patterns and divert to struts 2 config file.  For that add the below code in web.xml.

<filter>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

What we done in the above code is, we added a filter struts2 to all the patterns (*). So that filter will call the class org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.

No more changes required in the web.xml file. See the consolidated web.xml file below.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <display-name>HelloStruts</display-name>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>/index.html</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

Next step is we have to create the configuration file struts.xml for all the requests. As discussed the name of the config file is struts.xml which should be in the class folder root path. See the struts.xml below.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="home">
            <result>/welcome.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
</struts>

Then create a file with above code and save it with name struts.xml and place it under class folder root path. (i.e) WebContent/WEB-INF folder.

Next step we need to do is adding the necessary jar files to the library. Download the struts2 library files and place it under lib folder inside WEB-INF folder. All the jar files are not required for basic application. For most application below listed jars are enough. Later if we require we can add the necessary jars to the library.

struts2-jars

Next step is to create a necessary jsp, html files. Create the below two files namely index.html and welcome.jsp with the below content and place it under WebContent folder.

index.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
    <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="0;URL=home">
</head>
<body>
    <h3>One moment please.</h3>
</body>
</html>

 welcome.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1" %>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>

    <head>
        <style>
            h1 {
                color: blue;
            }
        </style>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
        <title>Welcome to Struts2</title>
    </head>

    <body>
        <h1>Welcome to Struts2</h1>
    </body>

    </html>

That’s all. See the final structure of the folders below.

struts2-structure

Run the project in eclipse by Run as -> Run on server in eclipse or place the folder structure above in the web-apps folder in tomcat. Then type the below code in the browser (if tomcat is running under port 8080).

http://localhost:8080/helloStruts

You will get the below screen.
struts2-home

For the above method I have created a complete .war file with source code. Download and just place under Apache web apps folder and run.

Icon

helloStruts.rar

1 file(s) 4.53 MB

Click Here to download

If you have any issues while execution please post in comments or send mail to rajeshmepco@gmail.com.


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